|
Collective salvation is the religious belief that members of a group collectively influence the salvation of the group to which they belong. Collective salvation can teach that the group is collectively one person by its nature. The concept of collective salvation is sometimes taught in Christianity,〔 Islam, and Judaism. Traditional Jewish theology predicted that collective salvation for the Jews would be brought by the Jewish Messiah.〔 The book of Daniel states that there will be both collective forgiveness for the Jews, and individual judgment of unrighteous people. This idea was promoted by Cyprian in the 3rd century, before the Edict of Milan, when most Christians were persecuted and lived outside of society. Augustine of Hippo also discussed this topic in ''City of God'', noting that some taught that the entire Catholic Church would be saved. At that time many taught that 1 Corinthians 12:12-14 which describes Christians as "one body" implied collective salvation. Augustine rejected the concept, maintaining that people who live immoral lives can never be saved, even if they partake of the Eucharist. Collective salvation was often rejected by early proponents of Christian monasticism. The Desert Fathers of Egypt in the 4th century advocated withdrawal from society to focus on individual salvation through individual isolation and prayer. However, in the Middle ages monastic movements often gave more attention to the idea of collective salvation and devoted much of their time to collective prayer and prayer for the dead. Scholars such as Hans Conzelmann have argued that the concept is found in the Christian scriptures, such as the Gospel of Luke. Some Muslim movements have also emphasized collective salvation, believing that the Quran speaks of both individual and collective salvation.〔 Many Turkish writers have depicted an ideal transformation of society into an ideal Islamic culture. The Iranian intellectual Ali Shariati taught that Muslim societies could find collective salvation through revolutionary political movements. He believed that much of institutionalized Islam needed to be transformed into a revolutionary ideology. The theology of collective salvation has often been linked with Millennialism, a belief which forecasts an imminent transition to freedom from human suffering and oppression. Proponents of Millennialist views often teach that collective salvation will soon be granted to a certain group. Some Millennialist groups foresee an earthly collective salvation, while other believe that it will only be granted in Heaven. Many 19th-century American adherents to Postmillennialism believed that evangelism and charitable deeds could bring about collective salvation on earth. Those who believe in Millennialist collective salvation often teach that there is both a supernatural gift and a human role involved in that salvation. Some maintain that the transition will be the result of a sudden catastrophe (sometimes called an "apocalypse"), while others believe that human progress will progressively lead to such a state. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Collective salvation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|